republic – representatives of the people who make government decisions
senate – Patrician branch of Roman government
Assembly of the Plebeians – Plebeian branch of Roman government
dictator – Roman leader who had absolute power only in emergencies
law codes – written law
tribunes –officials elected by Plebeians to protect their interests
veto – power to block a government action
consul – supervised the business of government and commanded Rome’s armies
Justinian’s Code – Body of Civil Law; included laws passed by assemblies and emperors and the legal writings of Roman judges
Judaism – religion of the Hebrews
Ten Commandments – God’s law for the Hebrews
monotheism – belief in one God
polytheism – belief in many Gods
prophets – Jewish spiritual leaders who interpreted God’s will
covenant – promise or binding agreement
diaspora – scattering of people (Jews)
Christianity – religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ
Paul (apostle) – a Jew who helped spread Christianity
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